Brand Names: Valium
\nGeneric Name: Diazepam
\nManufacturer: Richter<\/p>\n
How does Valium work?
\nDiazepam is a type of medicine called a benzodiazepine. Benzodiazepines are used for their sedative and anxiety-relieving effects.<\/p>\n
Diazepam works by acting on receptors in the brain called GABA receptors. This causes the release of a neurotransmitter called GABA in the brain.<\/p>\n
Neurotransmitters are chemicals that are stored in nerve cells in the brain and nervous system. They are involved in transmitting messages between the nerve cells. GABA is a neurotransmitter that acts as a natural ‘nerve-calming’ agent. It helps keep the nerve activity in the brain in balance, and is involved in inducing sleepiness, reducing anxiety and relaxing muscles.<\/p>\n
As diazepam increases the activity of GABA in the brain, it increases its calming effect and results in sleepiness, a decrease in anxiety and relaxation of muscles.<\/p>\n
Diazepam has several uses. Firstly, it can be used to calm severe anxiety and agitation. For example, benzodiazepines such as diazepam are effective at quickly reducing the symptoms of anxiety and agitation that occur in a manic episode of the psychiatric illness, bipolar affective disorder. A benzodiazepine may be given as part of the initial treatment of a manic episode, though they are not licensed specifically for this purpose. Benzodiazepines help calm the individual while the main medicines for this condition (mood stabilisers) begin to take effect.<\/p>\n
Oral forms of diazepam are also used for short-term treatment of severe anxiety associated with insomnia, as well as for night terrors and sleep-walking in children. Diazepam decreases the time taken to fall asleep and nocturnal awakenings, as well as increasing the total amount of time spent sleeping. However, it is only suitable for short-term treatment of insomnia and anxiety as it has a high potential for dependence and addiction. As diazepam remains active in the body for many hours, drowsiness may also persist into the next day.<\/p>\n
Diazepam is also given for its sedating and anxiety-relieving effects as a pre-med before surgery or medical investigations or procedures, and to alcoholics during acute alcohol withdrawal.<\/p>\n
The second main use of diazepam is in controlling convulsions, for example epilepsy, or seizures associated with fever in children (febrile convulsions). It is particularly useful for controlling repeated epileptic fits when a patient does not recover conciousness between fits (status epilepticus). Diazepam<\/a> helps control convulsions because the increased activity of GABA that it causes in the brain helps to calm excessive electrical nerve activity that is responsible for causing seizures.<\/p>\n A further use of diazepam is in controlling muscle spasms due to tetanus or poisoning.<\/p>\n Diazepam may be given as tablets, oral solution, injection or a rectal solution, depending on what condition is being treated.<\/p>\n What is it used for?<\/p>\n \u2022 Short-term treatment of severe anxiety or agitation<\/p>\n \u2022 Short-term treatment of severe insomnia (oral forms only)<\/p>\n \u2022 Night terrors and sleepwalking in children (oral forms of only)<\/p>\n \u2022 Acute alcohol withdrawal (used in combination with other treatment)<\/p>\n \u2022 Convulsions, eg epilepsy<\/p>\n \u2022 Repeated fitting with no recovery of consciousness between seizures (status epilepticus)<\/p>\n \u2022 Fitting associated with fever (febrile convulsions)<\/p>\n \u2022 Muscle spasms due to tetanus or poisoning<\/p>\n